Welcome to my blog. I have designed this site for my students of 4 ESO and I hope it will be a useful tool for all of you. Here you will find grammar explanations, vocabulary and plenty of exercises to help you. I hope you'll enjoy it.
The Present Simple is used with habits and routines, and it is usually followed by adverbs of frequency or adverbial phrases of time. It is also used with facts.
The Present Continuous is used with actions that are happening at the moment of speaking (now, at the moment ...) or actions in progress (today, this year ...)
Exercises: 1, 2 & 3
Subject and Object questions
Exercises: 1, 2 ,3 & 4
Rescue and survival.
Receive compensation, survivor, crash, capsize, victims, search and rescue workers, firefighters, first aid, casualties, paramedics.
Extreme adjectives
Boiling, disgusting, exhausted, freezing, furious, huge, starving, tiny.
Writing a narrative
First write an introduction. Watch these videos:
Future aspirations
Exercises about the future Ex 1 Ex.2 Ex3 Ex4 Ex5 Ex 6 Ex7 Ex8
Future Continuous Ex1 Ex2 Ex3
About to
Grammar explanation. Click
Exercises. Click
Write a Europass CV
Phrasal verbs
Ask out, bring up, fall out with, get on with, go out with, hang out with, look after, make up with, meet up with, settle down with, spit up with, tell off.
Non-verbal communication
Writing
How to express cause and effect. Click here
For more connectors. Click here
Camera operator, cast, costume designer, credits, crew, lighting, location, make-up artist, script, set designer, sound effects, soundtrack, storyboard, subtitles, queue up, wait around, sign up with, unforgettable, applaud, wardrobe, outfit, it's a wrap, final cut, role, casting agency.
Reporting verbs
Admit, complain, ask, refuse, say, convince, tell, offer, invite, promise, agree, suggest.
Exercises on relative pronouns 1, 2, 3
Exercises on relative adverbs 1, 2.
Relative clauses 1, 2, 3, 4
Reflexive Pronouns
Our course book is Pulse 4:
Move your cursor downwards to see the different units.
You can also practice your English on Macmillan Secondary Student's Website. Click here and write your log-in and your password and you'll have access to many different exercises from Macmillan's.
STARTER: HOLIDAY SNAPS
Review: COMPARISON
A)
EQUALITY (we compare two things or
people)
As +adjective+as
Ex.My book is as thick as yours
B)
COMPARATIVE (we compare two things or
people)
1) Short adjectives
Adjective+-er than
Ex. My bag is bigger than yours.
2)Two syllable
adjectives ending in -y -ow –le –er.
(the ones ending in red can do it
both ways, with the suffix or
adding more+ adjective+ than)
Happy, narrow, gentle, clever
Ex. I’m happier than
Estefanía
This street is narrower than the other. Or
this street is more narrow than the other.
3)Long adjectives
More+ adjective + than
Ex.My
brother is more intelligent than yours.
C)
SUPERLATIVE (When you compare more
than two people or objects)
1) Short adjectives
The +Adjective+-est
Ex. My bag is the biggest.
2)Two syllable adjectives
ending in -y -ow –le –er. (the ones ending in red can do it both ways, with the suffix
or adding the most +adjective)
Happy, narrow, gentle, clever
Ex. I’m the happiest in the
class.
This street is the narrowest in the city. Or
this street is the most narrow in the city.
3)Long adjectives
The most+ adjective
Ex.
My brother is the most intelligent (in the class or of the three).
IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES
good
|
better than
|
the best
|
bad
|
worse than
|
the worst
|
much/many
|
more than
|
the most
|
little
|
less than
|
the least
|
far
|
further than
|
the furthest
|
PRESENT SIMPLE & PRESENT CONTINUOUS
The Present Simple is used with habits and routines, and it is usually followed by adverbs of frequency or adverbial phrases of time. It is also used with facts.
- She never fails an exam.
- She goes to the gym twice a week.
- The sun rises in the east.
The Present Continuous is used with actions that are happening at the moment of speaking (now, at the moment ...) or actions in progress (today, this year ...)
- I'm writing a letter now.
- They are reading Tale of Two Cities
Exercises
- Exercise 1, Exercise 2, Exercise 3, Exercise 4, Exercise 5, Exercise 6
- Exercise 7, Exercise 8
- Exercise 9, Exercise 10, Exercise 11, Exercise 12
Tests on Simple Present and Present Progressive
Further exercises
.
Exercise 1. Click here.
Exercise 2. Click here.PAST SIMPLE & PAST CONTINUOUS
Past Simple. Use
|
Past Continuous. Use
|
An action that took place in the past
|
An action which was in progress at a certain time in the past
|
A series of completed actions in the past
|
Simultaneous actions which took place at the same time in the past .
|
Past Simple. Form
|
Past Continuous. Form
|
Regular verbs + -ed
Irregular verbs 2nd column of your list (pag 158-160)
|
Was/were infinitive + -ing
|
Past Simple. Spelling
|
Past Continuous. Spelling
|
Robbed (
monosyllabic verbs double the consonant after a short vowel +-ed)
Worried (consonant+y changes to –i +ed)
Arranged ( if
ending in –e, add only –d)
|
Stopping (
monosyllabic verbs double the consonant after a short vowel +-ing)
Lying (verbs
ending in –ie change to –y +-ing)
Arranging ((
if ending in –e, drop the –e+-ing)
|
USED TO
Watch a video here
‘Used to + infinitive’:
Watch out! With the negative and the question it’s ‘use’ and not ‘used’:
• Did you use to be a teacher?
• Did he use to study French?
• She didn’t use to like chocolate, but she does now.
• I didn’t use to want to have a nice house.
Note! With this ‘used to’ there is no verb ‘be’. We CAN’T say ‘I am used to have
long hair’, (From Perfect English Grammar.)
We use this expression to talk about habits or repeated actions in the past which we
don’t do in the present. We also use it to talk about states in the past which are no
longer true. For example:
don’t do in the present. We also use it to talk about states in the past which are no
longer true. For example:
• I used to have long hair (but now I have short hair).
• He used to smoke (but now he doesn’t smoke).
• They used to live in India (but now they live in Germany).
• He used to smoke (but now he doesn’t smoke).
• They used to live in India (but now they live in Germany).
Watch out! With the negative and the question it’s ‘use’ and not ‘used’:
• Did you use to be a teacher?
• Did he use to study French?
• She didn’t use to like chocolate, but she does now.
• I didn’t use to want to have a nice house.
Note! With this ‘used to’ there is no verb ‘be’. We CAN’T say ‘I am used to have
long hair’, (From Perfect English Grammar.)
Grammar. Here
Grammar explanation in Spanish with some exercises. Here
Grammar explanation in Spanish. Here
Grammar explanation in Spanish with some exercises. Here
Grammar explanation in Spanish. Here
GERUND AND INFINITIVE
GERUNDS. USE
|
INFINITIVES. USE
|
As a subject
Ex. Reading is my favourite hobby
|
After some verbs, such as: afford,
decide, help, hope, need, remember, want
Ex. I want to learn Chinese.
|
After verbs such as: avoid,
dislike, don’t mind, enjoy, finish, hate, like, love, recommend, stop
Ex. I don’t mind getting up early
|
To express purpose
Ex. They study hard to pass
their exam
|
After prepositions
Ex. Mary is good at cycling.
|
After some adjectives
Ex. It’s easy to learn how to fly a kite.
|
elearn24h.com
- Present perfect simple with ever, never, already, just and yet. Check your understandinghere.
- Household jobs. See the list.
- Present perfect vs. past simple. Grammar. See the difference between Br. E. and A. E.
Signal Words
| Simple Past | Present Perfect Simple |
|---|---|
|
|
Exercises on Simple Past and Present Perfect Simple
- Certain time in the past or just / already / yet: Exercise 1, Exercise 2
- Certain event in the past or how often so far: : Exercise 3, Exercise 4
- Emphasis on action or result: Exercise 5, Exercise 6
- Mix: Exercise 7, Exercise 8
- Exercise on the text Grand Canyon
- Exercise on the text Edinburgh
Tests on Simple Past and Present Perfect Simple
JUST, YET, ALREADY, FOR AND SINCE
Just is used with the present perfect to describe actions which happened very recently.
- I've just finished my homework.
Already is used with the present perfect to say that something has happened.
- My father has already washed the car.
- I haven't written my letter yet.
- He's lived here for a long time.
- They've lived in Salamanca since 2000.
UNIT 2: SURVIVAL
Past Perfect and Past Simple
Exercises: 1, 2 & 3
Subject and Object questions
Exercises: 1, 2 ,3 & 4
Rescue and survival.
Receive compensation, survivor, crash, capsize, victims, search and rescue workers, firefighters, first aid, casualties, paramedics.
Extreme adjectives
Boiling, disgusting, exhausted, freezing, furious, huge, starving, tiny.
Writing a narrative
First write an introduction. Watch these videos:
UNIT 3: FUTURE POSSIBILITIES
Future aspirations
Apply for a job, do voluntary work, do work experience, get a degree, get a holiday job, go backpacking, go for an interview, go on an exchange, leave home, make money, make new friends, pass your driving test, pass your exams, study abroad.
Time management
Get organized, set goals, make lists, plan ahead, waste time, prioritize, put off, develop a routine, set a reminder, meet a deadline, find a balance, take a break.
Different ways of expressing the future
Exercises about the future Ex 1 Ex.2 Ex3 Ex4 Ex5 Ex 6 Ex7 Ex8
Future Continuous Ex1 Ex2 Ex3
About to
Grammar explanation. Click
Exercises. Click
Write a Europass CV
Here you will find the form to write your own CurriculumVitae. Click
How to fill in your Europass CV. Click Here
Some help to write your own one. Click here
UNIT 4: LET'S COMMUNICATE
Phrasal verbs
Ask out, bring up, fall out with, get on with, go out with, hang out with, look after, make up with, meet up with, settle down with, spit up with, tell off.
Non-verbal communication
Frown, gesticulate, give (somebody) a hug, hold hands, kiss (somebody)on the cheek, make eye contact, raise your eyebrows, roll your eyes, shake hands, shrug your shoulders smile and stare.
Conditionals
Conditionals from teachermercedes
Exercises on conditional: 1, 2,3,4 & 5
Adverbs of possibility and probability
Maybe and perhaps go at the beginning of the sentence or clause.
Definitely and probably go after affirmative auxiliaries (will, would, etc.) and forms of be.
Definitely and probably go before negative auxiliaries (wouldn't, shouldn't etc.) and forms of be.
Exercises on adverbs on possibility and probability: 1.
Writing instant messages
Here you have some abbreviations you can use when sending instant messages. 1, 2
Exercises on conditional: 1, 2,3,4 & 5
Adverbs of possibility and probability
Maybe and perhaps go at the beginning of the sentence or clause.
Definitely and probably go after affirmative auxiliaries (will, would, etc.) and forms of be.
Definitely and probably go before negative auxiliaries (wouldn't, shouldn't etc.) and forms of be.
Exercises on adverbs on possibility and probability: 1.
Writing instant messages
Here you have some abbreviations you can use when sending instant messages. 1, 2
UNIT 5: INNOVATION
Innovation and invention
Driverless cars, high-speed trains, smart materials, 3D printing, wearable gadgets, e-readers, bioplastics, desalinated water, flexible smartphones, satellite broadband, space station, space tourism, manufacturing,
Competition, scholarship, award, successful, biodegradable, solve.
The passive
A) ACTIVE/ PASSIVE
Someone built this house in 1895
This house was built in 1895
- We often prefer the passive when it is not so important who or what did the action.
- In the passive sentence, if you wasn’t to say who did or what caused the action, use by
B) TENSES
Someone built this house in 1895
This house was built in 1895
- We often prefer the passive when it is not so important who or what did the action.
- In the passive sentence, if you wasn’t to say who did or what caused the action, use by
B) TENSES
- Present Simple
Somebody cleans this room every day.
This room is cleaned every day.
- Past Simple
Somebody cleaned this room yesterday.
This room was cleaned yesterday.
-Future Simple
Somebody will clean this room .
This room will be cleaned
.C) VERBS WITH TWO OBJECTS.
They didn’t offer Ann the job (ANN/ THE JOB)
1.Ann wasn’t offered the job.
2.The job wasn’t offered to Ann.
- It is more usual for the passive sentence to begin with the person
- Other verbs: ASK, TELL, GIVE, SEND, SHOW, TEACH, PAY…
Explanation: Questions in the passive, hereExercises on the passive: 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
Adverb review
Adverbs of manner:
-most of them are formed by adding -ly to the adjective.
-adjectives that end in -y change the -y to -i.
-some adjectives that end in -e drop the -e in the adverb.
- some adverbs have the same form as the adjectives.
-some adverbs are irregular.
Rules about adverbs of manner, degree and frequency.
a) The adverbs late, hard and fast have the same form as the adjective.
b) We don't use adverbs of manner after look, seem or feel.
c) We don't use the adverb of degree very with extreme adjectives.
d) Adverbs of frequency go after be, but before other verbs. (By Pulse 4 St. Book)
Exercises on adverbs of manner: 1, 2, 3, 4 &5
A video on adverbs of frequency. Here
Exercises on adverbs of frequency. 1, 2, &3
Writing: a letter of complaint.
See this.link
2ND TERM TEST. CONTENTS:
Somebody cleans this room every day.
This room is cleaned every day.
- Past Simple
Somebody cleaned this room yesterday.
This room was cleaned yesterday.
-Future Simple
Somebody will clean this room .
This room will be cleaned
.C) VERBS WITH TWO OBJECTS.
They didn’t offer Ann the job (ANN/ THE JOB)
1.Ann wasn’t offered the job.
2.The job wasn’t offered to Ann.
- It is more usual for the passive sentence to begin with the person
- Other verbs: ASK, TELL, GIVE, SEND, SHOW, TEACH, PAY…
Explanation: Questions in the passive, hereExercises on the passive: 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
Adverb review
Adverbs of manner:
-most of them are formed by adding -ly to the adjective.
-adjectives that end in -y change the -y to -i.
-some adjectives that end in -e drop the -e in the adverb.
- some adverbs have the same form as the adjectives.
-some adverbs are irregular.
Rules about adverbs of manner, degree and frequency.
a) The adverbs late, hard and fast have the same form as the adjective.
b) We don't use adverbs of manner after look, seem or feel.
c) We don't use the adverb of degree very with extreme adjectives.
d) Adverbs of frequency go after be, but before other verbs. (By Pulse 4 St. Book)
Exercises on adverbs of manner: 1, 2, 3, 4 &5
A video on adverbs of frequency. Here
Exercises on adverbs of frequency. 1, 2, &3
Writing: a letter of complaint.
See this.link
2ND TERM TEST. CONTENTS:
Vocabulary
units 3, 4 & 5
Grammar
Present simple & continuous
Past simple & continuous
Present perfect ( just, yet, already, for and since).
Present perfect and past simple.
Past perfect and pas simple
Subject and object questions
Future tenses
Future continuous
First, second and third conditional.
Adverbs of possibility and probability.
The passive
Active and passive voice.
UNIT 6: MONEY
Identity theft
Bank account, credit card, credit rating, debt, fraudster, junk mail, loan, log on, phishing, scam, shred documents, social networking site, spending spree, wi-fi hotspot.
Personal Identity
Beliefs, values, personality, nationality, ethnicity, gender, friendship, relationships, peer group, appearance, style, possessions.
Modal verbs
Writing
How to express cause and effect. Click here
For more connectors. Click here
UNIT 7: ENTERTAINMENT
Film-makingCamera operator, cast, costume designer, credits, crew, lighting, location, make-up artist, script, set designer, sound effects, soundtrack, storyboard, subtitles, queue up, wait around, sign up with, unforgettable, applaud, wardrobe, outfit, it's a wrap, final cut, role, casting agency.
Reporting verbs
Admit, complain, ask, refuse, say, convince, tell, offer, invite, promise, agree, suggest.
Reported speech from teachermercedes
If you want my notes, here you are:
Exercises on reported speech:
Statements 1, 2, 3, 4
Questions 1, 2, 3, 4
Commands and requests 1, 2, 3
Miscellanies 1,2
Writing
A Survey 1, 2
If you want my notes, here you are:
Reported Speech
There are two ways of relating what a person has said: direct and indirect. In direct speech we repeat the original speaker’s exact words.
He said,” I have missed my bus”
These thoughts, believes or remarks are written between the inverted commas, and a comma or colon is placed immediately before the remark.
In indirect speech we give the exact meaning of a remark, or a speech, without necessarily using the speaker’s exact words. We make somebody’s words or thoughts part of our own sentence.
He said that he had missed his bus.
When we turn direct speech into indirect, some changes are usually necessary. These are most easily studied by considering: statements, questions and commands separately.
A. STATEMENTS
When reporting a statement we may find many different changes:
1. Verb tense changes.
DIRECT SPEECH
| INDIRECT SPEECH |
Simple Present
I train every day
Present Continuous
I’m having a shower
Simple Past
I met her at
Present Perfect
We haven’t seen it yet.
Present Perfect Continuous
I’ve been waiting for ages.
Imperative
Be quiet
| Simple Past
He said (that) he trained every day.
Past Continuous
He said (that) he was having a shower.
Past Perfect
He said he had met her at
Past Perfect
They said (that) they hadn’t seen it yet.
Past Perfect Continuous
He said (that) he had been waiting for ages.
Infinitive
He told us to be quiet.
|
DIRECT SPEECH | INDIRECT SPEECH |
Can
I can’t swim.
Will
I’ll send you a postcard.
Must/ have (got)
You must study more
May
It may be true.
| Could
He said (that) he couldn’t swim
Would
He said (that) he would send us a postcard.
Had to
He said (that) we had to study more.
Might
He said (that) it might be true.
|
The other modal verbs don’t change: would, should, ought to, had better, might, used to, could …
2. Pronouns and possessive adjectives normally change from first or second person to third person, except when the speaker is reporting his own words.
DIRECT SPEECH | INDIRECT SPEECH |
Personal pronouns subject | |
I
|
He, she
|
we
|
They
|
Personal pronouns object
| |
me
|
Him, her
|
us
|
them
|
Possessive adjectives
| |
my
|
His, her
|
our
|
their
|
Possessive pronouns
| |
mine
|
His, hers
|
ours
|
theirs
|
3. Demonstratives also change, based on the rule that words denoting “nearness” become the corresponding words denoting “remoteness”.
DIRECT SPEECH
|
INDIRECT SPEECH
|
this
|
That
|
These
|
those
|
4. Adverbs and adverbial phrases of time and the adverb here
DIRECT SPEECH
|
INDIRECT SPEECH
|
Now
|
Then
|
Today
|
That day
|
Yesterday
|
The day before
|
Tomorrow
|
The next day, the following day
|
Next week, year …
|
The following week, year …
|
Last week, year…
|
The week / year before or
the previous week, year
|
Adverb of place
| |
here
|
there
|
The introductory verb is usually “said” (he said to me…), “tell” ( he told me…).See some examples:
He said, “I saw the boy here in this room today”
R.S.: He said (that) he had seen the boy there in that room that day.
He said, “I’ll go to the office tomorrow”
R.S.: He said (that) he would come to the office the next day. (in this case the speaker is in the office)
B. QUESTIONS
When we turn direct questions into indirect speech, the following changes are necessary:
- The changes in tense, pronouns, possessives and adverbial phrases of time and place, noted in indirect statements, apply also to indirect questions.
- The interrogative construction of the direct question is replaced by the statement construction in the indirect questions. So, the interrogative form of the verb changes to the affirmative (or negative). The question mark (?) is therefore omitted in indirect questions.
- The introductory verb in the main clause is “say”, it must be changed to a verb of inquiry, e.g. “ask, inquire, wonder, and want to know…”
There are two types of interrogative sentences:
a) Wh questions: These are questions beginning with an interrogative word (when, where, why, how, who….). These interrogative words are the connective in the indirect questions:
e.g. He said, “how will you do it?”
He asked how she would do it.
b) Yes/ no questions: The connective words to join the indirect questions to the main clause are: “if” or “whether”. There is not much difference in meaning between whether and if . Usage generally favours if. Whether usually expresses a doubt and an alternative possibility or choice between two alternatives, and so is often followed by the correlative “or”
e.g. He said, “Did she go yesterday?”
He asked if she had gone the day before.
C. COMMANDS.
When a direct command is turned into an indirect one, the following changes will be noticed:
1. The introductory verb, “say” is changed to a verb of command or request,
such as “tell, order, command, ask, request…”
2. Commands could be:
a) Affirmative: introductory verb + person addressed + to + infinitive.
E.g. He said “Open the door, Mary”
He told Mary to open the door.
b) Negative: introductory verb + person addressed + not + to + infinitive.
E.g. He said “Don’t go away, Mary”
He told Mary not to go away.
3. Finally, pronouns and possessive adjectives, and adverbs of place and time
change as in statements and questions.
D. OTHER STRUCTURES.
Suggest. We can reprt suggestions or recommendations in three different ways:
a) subject + suggest + (not) + verb + -ing.
E.g. “Let’s go to the cinema”
She suggested going to the cinema.
b) subject + suggest + that + subject + should + infinitive without to.
E.g. “Why don’t you read this book?”
She suggested that I should read that book.
c) Subject + suggest + subjunctive.
E.g. “How about reusing this plastic bag?”
She suggested that I reuse that plastic bag.
E. REPORTING VERBS.
When we report the speaker’s exact words, we don’t just apply the rules mechanically, we interpret what we hear or read, so we use different reporting verbs followed by the following structures:
1. Subject + reporting verb + (not) + to + infinitive.
Verbs like: agree, offer, promise, refuse, threaten, demand etc…
E.g. “I won’t go with you!”
She refused to go with me.
2. Subject + reporting verb + object + (not) + to + infinitive.
Verbs like: advise, ask, encourage, invite, order, persuade, recommend, remind, tell, warn etc…
E.g. “You should go to the doctor”
She advised me to go to the doctor.
3. Subject + reporting verb + (not) + verb –ing.
Verbs like: apologize for, accuse sb of, complain to, deny, recommend, suggest, insist on, boast about …
E.g. “I didn’t steal your purse”
He denied stealing /having stolen my purse.
4. Subject + reporting verb + (that) + subject + verb.
Verbs like: add, admit, agree, announce, claim, complain, declare, deny, explain, insist, mention, predict, promise, reply, reveal, say, state, suggest…
E.g. “You are always talking”.
She complained that we were always talking.
5. subject + reporting verb + object + (that) + subject + verb.
Verbs like: persuade, remind, tell, warn.
E.g. “I’m going out tonight”
She reminded me that she was going out that night.
6. subject + reporting verb + if/ whether/wh-word + subject + verb.
Verbs like: ask, enquire, question, wonder, want to know…
E.g. She asked herself, “Will I win a prize tonight?”
She wondered whether she would win a prize that night.
©Mercedes Sánchez 2012
Exercises on reported speech:
Statements 1, 2, 3, 4
Questions 1, 2, 3, 4
Commands and requests 1, 2, 3
Miscellanies 1,2
Writing
A Survey 1, 2
UNIT 8: ADVERTISING
Advertising
Ad agency, advert, advertising campaign, brand, celebrity, consumer, eye-catching, go viral, hype jingle, online ads, peer pressure, persuasive, target audience.
Easily confused verbs
Spend/ waste, hope/wait, win/ earn, borrow/lend, see/watch, remember/ remind
Relative pronouns
Relative pronouns
Exercises on relative pronouns 1, 2, 3
Exercises on relative adverbs 1, 2.
Relative clauses 1, 2, 3, 4
Reflexive Pronouns
singular
|
plural
|
Myself
|
Ourselves
|
Yourself
|
Yourselves
|
Himself, herself, itself
|
Themselves
|
We use them when we want to refer back to the subject of the sentence (or clause).
We can use them as direct object with most transitive verbs, here are some of the most common ones:
introduce, prepare, satisfy, teach, amuse, hurt, enjoy, cut, help...
Ex: I hurt you / I hurt myself
In these examples you can see the difference. Myself refers back to I, the subject of the sentence.
They are used with the preposition by when you want to show that someone did something alone and without help.
Ex. He lived by himself in an enormous house.
Be careful! sometimes the reflexive pronouns act as intensive pronouns which are used to emphasize the antecedent. When they are used for emphasis, we often put the reflexive pronoun at the end of the sentence or clause.
Ex: I did it myself.
In this example,myself emphasizes I.
Exercises 1, 2.
Indefinite Pronouns
They are used to refer to people or things without especifying, that is to say without saying exactly who or what they are.
They end in -body or -one when they refer to people or -thing for things.
When we use the indefinite pronouns: Everybody, every one or Everything, they are followed by a singular verb.
Ex. Everybody is allowed to use it. or Everything is ok.
Although when we refer back to an indefinite pronoun, we us a plural one.
Ex. Everyone left the room. They were bored to death.
You mustn't use the No- pronouns in negative sentences (use the any- pronouns instead)
Ex. Nobody listened to me while I was talking. or
(= not anybody)
You can add the Genitive 's to indefinite pronouns to indicate possession.
Ex. I don't know everybody's address.
When we want to indicate in addition to, we use else after indefinite pronouns.
Ex. Do you want anything else?
Exercises: 1, 2, 3
4ºA & C Starter & Unit 1. Exam contents:
Indefinite Pronouns
Nobody
|
No one
|
Nothing
|
Anybody
|
Anyone
|
Anything
|
Somebody
|
Someone
|
Something
|
Everybody
|
Everyone
|
Everything
|
They are used to refer to people or things without especifying, that is to say without saying exactly who or what they are.
They end in -body or -one when they refer to people or -thing for things.
When we use the indefinite pronouns: Everybody, every one or Everything, they are followed by a singular verb.
Ex. Everybody is allowed to use it. or Everything is ok.
Although when we refer back to an indefinite pronoun, we us a plural one.
Ex. Everyone left the room. They were bored to death.
You mustn't use the No- pronouns in negative sentences (use the any- pronouns instead)
Ex. Nobody listened to me while I was talking. or
(= not anybody)
You can add the Genitive 's to indefinite pronouns to indicate possession.
Ex. I don't know everybody's address.
When we want to indicate in addition to, we use else after indefinite pronouns.
Ex. Do you want anything else?
Exercises: 1, 2, 3
4ºA & C Starter & Unit 1. Exam contents:
-Present simple & continuous
-Past simple & continuous
-Present Perfect with : just, already, yet, for and since
-Present Perfect and past simple
-Infinitives and gerunds
-All the vocabulary in the starter and unit 1.
4º ESO SEPTEMBER EXAM 2016-17 CONTENTS:
Vocabulary (from the starter unit to unit 9)
Grammar
1. Past, present and future tenses.
2. Present Perfect with just, yet, already, for and since.
3. Gerunds and infinitives.
4. Subject and object questions.
5. First, second and third
conditionals.
6. Adverbs of possibility and
probability.
7. The passive. (Active and passive
voice).
8. Modals of possibility, obligation
and prohibition.
9. Modals of deduction.eported speech. Reported questions.
11. Relative pronouns.
12. Indefinite pronouns.
13. Reflexive pronouns.
Writing
1. Using connectors (sequence –unit 2-, cause and effect –unit
6-, addition and contrast –unit 8-)
2. A formal letter
3. An e-mail.
4. A for and against essay.
